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CHAPTER 2: CRITICAL APPLRISAL OF RAWLS

   Rawls’ concept of “Justice as Fairness.” Justice as Fairness: The Rawlsian Approach - Explained in Detail        1. Foundational Idea: Justice and Fairness       •   John Rawls argues that a fair society can only be achieved if justice is rooted in fairness. Justice, in Rawls’ view, is not merely about laws or rules but about creating conditions that are fundamentally fair to everyone.       •   Fairness is essential for justice because it involves unbiased, equitable treatment. For Rawls, focusing on fairness ensures that justice does not favor any one group or individual unduly, especially when constructing the basic framework of society. 2. Principles of Justice       •   Rawls proposes that “justice as fairness” encompasses specific principles designed to shape the social structure. These principles provide a foundation for a society that treats all individuals fairly and impartially, ...
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CHAPTER 1 REASON AND OBJECTIVITY

     1 .  REASON AND OBJECTIVITY Connection between intelligence (being smarter) and goodness (being a better person) "what we owe to each other" In this passage, the writer discusses a famous quote from philosophers Ludwig Wittgenstein's first major book,  Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus , where he said, "What can be said at all can be said clearly; and whereof one cannot speak thereof one must be silent."  This means that things we can express should be said clearly, and for things we can't explain, it's better to stay silent . However, the writer notes that Wittgenstein himself didn't always follow this strict rule.  In a letter to a friend, Wittgenstein wrote an interesting and puzzling statement: "I work quite diligently and wish that I were better and smarter. And these both are one and the same." The writer questions this—how can being smarter and being a better person be the same thing? The writer also jokes about how in modern Engli...
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